内容简介

  Thisbookfocusesonthemorphology,theexineomamentation,andtheassociatedevolutionarytrendsofcrabapplepollenandanatomicaldevelopmentalpatterns.Toexaminethegeneticevolutionarypatternsofcrabapplepollentraits,weconstructedanintervaldistributionfunctionbasedoncharacteristicpollenparametersandusedabinarytrivariatedatamatrix(XiYiZi)toreflecttheexineomamentationregularityofthepollen.OurfindingsshouldinformthetaxonomicstatusoftheMalussp.Pollenelectronmicrographsfromatotalof26speciesand81cultivarsofMaluswererecordedinthisbook.All107figuresand642scannedpollenimagesconstituteprimarydataobtainedbytheauthors.Theimagesinthisbookareclear,threedimensional,andaestheticallypleasing.Theyareaccompaniedwithtextdescriptionsandprovidedamethodfortheindicationofthedifferenttypesofinformationthatcanbeexpected.Thisbookcanprovideareferenceforresearchers,especiallyplantbreeders.Thesepeopleneedtoknowthepollenstructureandtheircompatibilityforfurtherbreeding.Indoingso,ithasmuchbetteropportunitytoproducenewtaxa.Theresearchmethodsinpalynologyarealsoagreatreferenceforotherplanttaxa.

目录

1PollenMorphologicalCharacteristicsofOrnamentalCrabapples
1.1SignificanceoftheStudyofCrabapplePollenMorphology
1.2ObservationMethodsforCrabapplePollenPhenotypes
1.3PollenMorphologicalCharacteristicsofOrnamentalCrabapples
1.4AnalysisofPollenMorphologyTraitsofCrabapple
1.4.1StabilityofPollenPhenotypicTraits
1.4.2AnalysisofIntrapopulationVariabilityofPhenotypicTraitsinCrabapplePollen
1.5ChapterSummary

2EvolutionaryLawforOrnamentalCrabapplePollenTraits
2.1EvolutionaryResearchBackgroundonPlantPollenTraits
2.2StudyMethodsforInvestigatingtheEvolutionofthePhenotypicTraitsofCrabapplePollen
2.2.1AnalysisoftheEvolutionm'yRelationshipofPollenBetweenSpeciesfromtheMalus
2.2.2AnalysisMethodsforAssessingtheTrendofEvolutionBetweenCultivarsandSpecies
2.3EvolutionaryRelationshipsofCrabapplePollenPhenotypicTraits
2.3.1TheEvolutionaryRelationshipsofthePollenPhenotype
TraitsofMalusSpeciesBasedonClassicalTaxonomy
andMolecularEvolutionaryTrees
2.3.2EvolutionaryTrendsofPollenPhenotypicTraits
ofNaturalSpeciesandCultivarsofCrabapples
BasedonBoxplotAnalysis
2.3.3EvolutionaryTrendsofthePollenPhenotypic
TraitsofNaturalSpeciesandCultivarsofCrabapples
BasedonFrequencyDistributionCharacteristics
2.4ChapterSummary

3EvolutionaryofPollenOrnamentationinOrnamentalCrabapples
3.1ResearchBackgroundonPlantPollenOrnamentationEvolution
3.2QuantitativeAnalysisMethodsfortheEvolutionofCrabapplePollenOrnamentation
3.3EvolutionaryTrendofPollenOrnamentationinOrnamentalCrabapples
3.3.1DistributionCharacteristicsoftheOrnamentationPatternsofCrabappleGermplasmPollen
3.3.2PollenOrnamentationEvolutioninthePopulationsofSpeciesandCultivars
3.3.3EvolutionofPollenOrnamentationPatternsinParentalandProgenyPopulations
3.4ChapterSummary

4UltrastruetureObservationofM.hallianaPollenDuringDevelopment
4.1ResearchBackgroundofM.hallianaPollenDevelopment
4.2MixedBudMorphologicalandDevelopmentalObservationinM.halliana
4.3UltrastructuralObservationsofM.hallianaPollenDevelopment
4.3.1InitialDifferentiationStageoftheAnthers
4.3.2Sporogenesis
4.3.3FormationofMicrosporocytes
4.3.4Meiosis
4.3.5MononucleatedMicrosporeStage..
4.3.6PollenMaturationStage
4.4UltrastructuralObservationsofAntherWallFormationinM.halliana
4.4.1Sporogenesis
4.4.2MicrosporocyteFormationStage
4.4.3Meiosis
4.4.4PollenMaturationStage
4.5AnatomicalCausesofPollenAbortioninMonopetalousM.halliana
4.6ChapterSummary

5ElectronMicroscopicofCrabapplePollen
5.1M.angustifolia
5.2M.baccata
5.3M.domesticavat,binzi
5.4M.floribunda
5.5M.fusca
5.6M.honanensis
5.7M.ioensis
5.8M.mandshurica
5.9M.micromalus
5.10M.niedzwetzloe'ana
5.11M.ombrophila
5.12M.platycarpa
5.13M.prunifolia
5.14M.pumila
5.15M.robusta
5.16M.rockii
5.17M.sieversii
5.18M.spectabilis
5.19M.sylvestris
5.20M.toringoides
5.2lM,tschonoskii
5.22M.turkmenorum
5.23M,yunnanensis
5.24M,'Abundance'
5.25M,'Adams'
5.26M.'Almey'
5.27M,'Ballet'
5.28M,'Brandywine'
5.29M.'Butterball'
5.30M.'Cardinal'
5.31M.'Centurion'
5.32M.'Cinderella'
5.33M.'Cloudsea'
5.34M.'Coralburst'
5.35M,'Darwin'
5.36M.'David'
5.37M.'Dolgo'
5.38M.'DonaldWyman'
5.39M.'Eleyi'
5.40M.'Everest'
5.41M.'FairytailGold'
5.42M.'Firebird'
5.43M.'Flame'
5.44M.'Furong'
5.45M.'GoldenHornet'
5.46M.'GoldenRaindrop'
5.47M.'Gorgeous'
5.48M.'Guard'
5.49M.halliana'PinkDouble'
5.50M.'HarvestGold'
5.51M.'Hillier'
5.52M.'Hopa'
5.53M.'IndianMagic'
5.54M.'IndianSummer'
5.55M.'Kelsey'
5.56M.'KingArthur'
5.57M.'Klehm'sImprovedBechtel'
5.58M.'Lancelot'
5.59M.'Lisa'
5.60M.'Liset'
5.61M.'Lollipop'
5.62M.'LouisaContort'
5.63M.'Makamik'
5.64M.'MaryPotter'
5.65M.'May'sDelight'
5.66M.'MoltenLava'
5.67M.'PerfectPurple'
5.68M.'PinkPrincess'
5.69M.'PinkSpires'
5.70M.'PrairieRose'
5.71M.'Prairifire'
5.72M.'ProfessorSprenger'
5.73M.'Profusion'
5.74M.'PurpleGems'
5.75M.'PurplePrince'
5.76M.purpurei'NevilleCopeman'
5.77M.'Radiant'
5.78M.'RedBarron'
5.79M.'RedJade'
5.80M.'RedSentinel'
5.81M.'RedSplendor'
5.82M.'Regal'
5.83M.'Robinson'
5.84M.'Roger'sSelection'
5.85M.'RoyalBeauty'
5.86M.'RoyalGem'
5.87M.'RoyalRaindrop'
5.88M.'Royalty'
5.89M.'Rudolph'
5.90M.'Rum'
5.91M.'ShowTime'
5.92M.'Snowdrift'
5.93M.'Sparkler'
5.94M.'SpringGlory'
5.95M.'SpringSensation'
5.96M.'SpringSnow'
5.97M.'SugarTyme'
5.98M.'SweetSugarTyme'
5.99M.'Thunderchild'
5.100M.'Tina'
5.101M.'VanEseltine'
5.102M.'VelvetPillar'
5.103M.'WeepingMadonna'
5.104M.'WhiteCascade'
5.105M.'WinterGold'
5.106M.'WinterRed'
5.107M.Xzumi'Calocarpa'

Supplementary
References
Index

前言/序言

  ThebookAnIllustratedElectronMicroscopicStudyofCrabapplePollencontainsbothbeautifulimagesandin-depthdescriptions.Itnotonlyhasstrongtheoreticalconceptsbutalsorecordstheelectronmicrographsofthepollenof107crabapplegermplasms(including26speciesand81cultivars).Theelectronmicrographsarehighqualityandmulti-dimensional,showingalargeamountofinformation.Thisprovidesuniqueideas,methods,andtheoreticalinsightsfortheclassificationandgeneticevolutionofcrabapplegermplasmresourcesandalsohasimportantrefer-encevalueforothersimilarstudies.
  BeingtheadvisorofWangxiangZhangforhismaster'sanddoctoralstudies,Iamnotonlyhisteacherbutalsohisfriend.Asearlyasinthe1990s,IestablishedtheGinkgoResearchGroupatNanjingForestryUniversity.WangxiangZhang,asamajormemberofthegroup,independentlyorganizedandparticipatedinthenationwidecollectionandevaluationofginkgogermplasmresources.HewenttoChina'smaindistributionandcultivationareasofginkgo,deepintothemoun-tainsandcountryside.Hehadtoovercomemanydifficulties,andmorethan700ginkgogermplasmresourceswerecollected.HecompletedthepreparationworkforestablishingtheGinkgoGermplasmGeneBankofChinaForestryAdminis-trationandJiangsuProvince,layingthefoundationforthepreservationandinnovationofginkgogermplasms.Thisexperiencedirectlyresultedinandinspirednewideasfortheinnovationandindustrialdevelopmentofcrabapplegermplasms.Foralongtime,WangxiangZhanghasbeeninterestedintheresearchanddevelopmentideaofindustrychainlinkages;hehasheldalong-termandpragmaticscientificresearchattitudeandisdiligentinbothwritingandfieldresearchwork,openingawindowforacrabappledreamforthefourwonderfulseasons.
  Since2003,WangxiangZhangandothershavesystematicallycarriedoutresearchonthecollectionandevaluationofcrabapplegermplasmresourcesaswellastheinnovationandindustrializationdevelopmenttechnologyofgermplasms.Ascienceandtechnologyinnovationteamofornamentalcrabapplewasgraduallyestablished,andaseriesofscientificresearchresultshavebeenachieved.After14years,morethan200crabapplegermplasmresourceshavebeencollectedandpreserved,andtheCrabappleGermplasmResourceBankofNanjingForestryUniversitywasestablished.In2016,thisgenebankwasrankedbytheForestryAdministrationofChinaasanational-levelgenebankforcrabapplegermplasms,andthisgenebankprovidesahigh-leveltechnologyplatformfortheinnovationofcrabapplegermplasms.Throughregionalintro-ductionandcultivationtestingandevaluation,morethan80excellentornamen-talcultivarswereselected,and13ofthemreceivedapprovalorcertificationfromtheHigh-QualityForestandWoodSpeciesApprovalCommitteeofJiangsuProvince.Akeytechnicalsystemofcrabapplebreedingwasestablished.Throughthehybridcombinationbreedingof96crossesin6batches,morethan300excellentsingleplantsofornamentalcrabappleswithmulti-targettraitswereobtained,andapplicationsforapprovalweresubmittedfor14newcultivarsofcrabapples,providingalargenumberofcandidatesforthecontinuousinno-vationofnewcultivars.
  WangxiangZhangandhiscolleaguestookadvantageoftheresourceplatformoftheNationalCrabappleGermplasmGeneBank.Theycreativelyconstructedadistributionfunctionofthephenotypictraitsofcrabapplepollenaswellasabinarythree-dimensionaldatamatrixmodelreflectingtheoverallomamentationregularityofpollen,revealingtheevolutionofthepollenofcrabapplegermplasms.Theyproposedforthefirsttimethatallnaturalspeciesofcrabappleshavehighornamen-tationregularities,butgermplasmwithhighregularityisnotnecessarilyanatural
  species.ThisresearchconclusionhasimportantreferencevaluefortheevaluationofthetaxonomicstatusofMalusspeciesandmayalsohaveguidingsignificanceforothergenera.

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